Fig. 3

Macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokines secretion ability of L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. a A schematic illustration of experimental design for in vitro M1-like macrophages co-culture with ADSCs. BM represents bone marrow. Mφ represents macrophage. b The mRNA levels of M1-like macrophage markers and M2-like macrophage markers of macrophages after M1-like macrophages co-cultured with L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs for 24 h. c A schematic illustration of experimental design for in vitro M2-like macrophages co-culture with ADSCs. d The mRNA levels of M2-like macrophage markers and M1-like macrophage markers of macrophages after M2-like macrophages co-cultured with L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs for 24 h or 48 h. e mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα, IL-1α, MCP1, IL-8 in L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. Data were collected from at least three independent experiments, and the data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001