Fig. 3

Modeled microgravity transiently hampered renal progenitor cell adhesion and spreading capacity. a Phase-contrast images of RPCs taken 1 and 3 h after 72 h of exposure to 1 × g (left) or modeled μg (right). BAR = 400 μm. b Adherent RPCs quantified 3 h after 72 h exposure to 1 × g and modeled μg assessed by Crystal violet staining. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. c Percentage of RPCs adhering to the culture plates 3 h after 72 h exposure to 1 × g and modeled μg over total cells present in the microscopy field. At least 10 representative images from each condition from three independent experiments were analyzed. d Percentage of RPCs displaying a spread morphology on the culture plates at 1, 3 and 24 h after 72 h exposure to 1 × g or modeled μg. At least 10 representative images from each condition were analyzed in three independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. e Rock1 and Rock 2 f mRNA expression in RPCs exposed to 1 × g or modeled μg. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of two independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney test. m-μg: modeled microgravity