Table 5 The therapeutic effect of NCs on MSCs transplantation in vivo
Natural product | Inflammatory environment /disease | MSC source | MSCs therapy | Result | Signaling pathway | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astragalus | ||||||
Ethanolic extract of astragalus (EEA) | LPS/ulcer mice | Wharton’s jelly | Sustained-release gel with MSC exosomes + EEA | Reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and increased IL-10 in macrophages in vitro Decreased macrophages aggregation and the content of IL-1β and IL-6 in the peripheral blood in vivo | N/A | [72] |
Ginsenoside | ||||||
Ginsenoside Rg1 10 μM | Radiation induced intestinal injury | Bone marrow | Injection of condition medium of MSCs treated by Rg1 | Downregulated inflammatory responses (IL-1β and TNF-α) in jejunal protein of irradiated rats and in irradiated IEC-6 cells in vivo and in vitro | HO-1 ↑ | [68] |
Osthole | ||||||
10–5 mol/L | Osteoporosis | Bone marrow | Injection of Osthole-treated MSCs | Restored immunosuppressive ability Reduced lymphocyte infiltration and mucosal damage in experimental inflammatory colitis and prevented cortical bone damage and bone microstructure damage in osteoporosis model | Fas/FasL ↑ T-cell apoptosis | [21] |
10−5 M | OVX osteoporosis | Bone marrow | Injection of Osthole-treated MSCs | Elevated serum levels of P1NP, ALP, and calcium, reduced serum level of TRAP, and enhanced the therapeutic effect of BMSC injection on bone loss in OVX mice | Autophagy↑ | [69] |
EGCG | ||||||
50 mg/kg | Diabetic cardio-dysfunction | Adipose tissue | MSCs transplantation with oral administration of EGCG | Reduced the cardiac inflammatory markers (p-NFκB, COX2) & fibrosis markers (TGF-β, MMP-9) | N/A | [71] |
Resveratrol | ||||||
5 μM | Colitis periodontitis | Periodontal ligament | Injection of RSV-treated MSCs | Inhibited inflammatory T-cell infiltration, enhanced the therapeutic effect of PDLSCs transplantation, recovered epithelial structure in colitis mice | ERK/WNT/FASL | [7] |
|  | Diabetic hepatopathy | Adipose tissue | Injection of RSV-treated MSCs | Reduced apoptosis, suppressed fibrotic pathways, and enhanced the therapeutic effect of ADSCs | SIRT1 /IGF1R↑ | [70] |
200 mg/kg | Diabetes with podocyte damage | Umbilical cord | MSCs transplantation with oral administration of RSV | Reduced the inflammatory factors MCP-1, RAGE, and NF-κB, protect renal podocyte function, and enhanced the therapeutic effect of hUCMSCs | RAGE-NF-κB ↓ | [86] |
10 nM | TNF-α Periodontitis | Periodontal ligament | Calcined bovine bone scaffold with RSV-treated PDLSC | Improved osteogenic potential, and facilitated the alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis rats by PDLSC transplantation therapy | NFκB ↓ SIRT1/Pgc1α ↑ AMPK ↑ | [55] |
30 mg/kg (i.p injection) | Autoimmune encephalomyelitis | Bone marrow | Injection of RSV-treated MSCs | Enhanced the therapeutic effect of BMSC injection: suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α), increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), promotes a shift in balance from Th1 to Th2 cytokine and reduced T-cell infiltration and in autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice | N/A | [87] |