Table 1 Therapeutic theory of MSC-exos in enhancing trophoblast function, promoting angiogenesis, regulating immune responses and reducing oxidative stress
From: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a promising alternative in the therapy of preeclampsia
Source of exosome | Therapeutic theory | Molecular target | References |
|---|---|---|---|
BM-MSCs | AKT signaling pathway activation PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation↑VEGF,Ang-1 ↑IL-10,TGF-β ↓IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-12 | ↑H19, FOXO1↓let-7b PIK3R2 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-126 Not reported | [47] [54] |
hUC-MSCs | ERK/MMP2 signaling pathway activation TIM3/mTORc signaling pathway deactivation Not reported Not reported ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathway activation β-catenin signaling pathway activation ↓ROS, ↓NOX1,NOX4 | tyrosine phosphatase inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-139-5p Notch2 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-18b BRD4 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-101 FSTL3 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-140-5p SPRED-1 and PIK3R2 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-126-3p Wnt4 Not reported Not reported | [30] [48] [49] [50] [56] [57] [68] |
AF-MSCs | EZH2/mTOR signaling pathway deactivation | Not reported | [5] |
AD-MSCs | Not reported ↑tolDC | Delta-like ligand 4 inhibition mediated by exosomal miR-125a Not reported | [53] [61] |
PMSCs | Not reported | ICAM-1 promotion mediated by exosomal miR-130b-3p | [55] |
DMSCs | ↓malondialdehyde,IL-6 | Not reported | [69] |