Fig. 1

Generation of a regenerative niche by cryo-injury (CI). A The experimental design of induction of CI and sample collection at various time intervals is shown. B Representative H&E staining images of the sham and samples after CI. The dotted line indicates the boundary of the healthy and injured liver tissue. C Representative images from TUNEL assay, arrows indicate random necrotic hepatocytes after CI. D TUNEL staining was quantified by counting apoptotic hepatic nuclei in 5 random views at 40 × magnification as shown at indicated time intervals. Data are presented as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001, n = 3/24 for each time point, scale bars: 100 µm. E, F Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) analyses from mice with or without CI. G, H Interleukin-6 (IL-6) ELISA and IL-6 mRNA gene expression from the injured and non-injured liver is represented. I, J Interleukin-10 (IL-10) ELISA and IL-10 mRNA gene expression levels are shown. K, L Monocyte chemoattractant protein—1(MCP-1) mRNA gene expression and representative cropped immunoblot analyses from injured liver tissues, respectively. The corresponding full length immunoblot can be found in supplementary figure S4. Data represented as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001., n = 3/24 per time point