Fig. 2

Isolation, characterization, and tracing of GMSCs. A Inverted microscope micrographs of five days monolayer primary culture of GMSCs showing fibroblast-like spindle-shaped cells and other cells with star-shaped appearance. While GMSCs after 10 days (passage 3) of culturing showing 90% confluent cells of homogenous morphology of fibroblast-like spindle-shaped cells in monolayer culture. B Histogram analysis of cell surface markers of cultured GMSCs (passage 3) determined by flow cytometry showed positive expression of CD 90 and CD 105 surface markers and negative expression of CD 34 and CD 45 surface markers. C In vitro multilineage differentiation potential of GMSCs demonstrating osteogenic differentiation of cultured cells confirmed by mineralizing osteocytes stained with Alizarin red. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by the presence of lipid droplets stained red with Oil Red stain. Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by the presence of chondrocyte lineage cells stained with Alcian blue. The red fluorescence indicated that the CM-Dil-labeled cells were detected and evenly distributed within the differentiated gland tissues after 16 days