Fig. 2

haMSC-EVs were stable during use and long-term storage. A NTA of haMSC-EVs stored at 25 °C for 1, 3, or 6 h or freeze‒thawed for 1 or 3 cycles to test the in-use stability and stored at -20 °C or -80 °C for 1, 2, 3, or 6 months to test the storage stability. B Membrane marker analysis of haMSC-EVs during use and storage. C TNF-α inhibition ratios of haMSC-EVs during stress tests and storage stability tests. 1 lot was taken for each stress test and 3 lots were tested for storage stability tests