Fig. 2

Preparation of the myoblast sheet and laparoscopic transplantation of the sheet after ESD in case 1. A: Superficial duodenal tumor located in the second portion of the duodenum. B: Muscle tissue was surgically excised from the femur of the patient. C: A transplantable myoblast sheet was harvested after seven weeks of culture. D: A mucosal defect around 40 mm in diameter after duodenal ESD. E: Cell sheets were transplanted onto the serosal side of the duodenal wall after ESD. C: Abdominal CT three days after transplantation revealed no obvious signs of perforation