Table 3 Clinical and operative characteristics and outcomes
| Â | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative evaluation | Â | Â | Â |
 Tumor size (mm) | 22 | 25 | 24 |
 Tumor location | 1st~2nd portion | 2nd portion | 2nd portion |
| Â | Â | distal side of the papilla | distal side of the papilla |
Total cell number | 1.55 × 108 | 1.80 × 108 | 1.32 × 108 |
 CD56-positive cells (%) | 95 | 98 | 98 |
 Cellular viability (%) | 98 | 97 | 95 |
ESD | Â | Â | Â |
Size of resected tumor (mm) | 34 × 25 | 41 × 22 | 37 × 25 |
 Size of mucosal defect (mm) | 43 × 31 | 43 × 30 | 51 × 40 |
 Mucosal closure | complete | incomplete | complete |
 Intraoperative microperforation | no | no | yes, multiple |
 Number of transplanted sheets | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Resected specimens | Â | Â | Â |
 en bloc resection | yes | yes | yes |
 Histology | adenoma | adenocarcinoma | adenocarcinoma |
 Vessel invasion | - | none | none |
Postoperative course | Â | Â | Â |
 Peritonitis | no | yes | yes |
 Patient’s condition | stable | stable | stable |
 Hospital stay (days) | 9 | 19 | 17 |
 Duodenal stenosis after 7 weeks | no | no | no |