Fig. 1

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells on T-cell recovery. The histograms indicate the median values (range) of viable T cells (upper panel), their dead rate (central panel, where the percentage of cell death represents both the Annexin⁺ and propidium iodide⁺ cells gated on lymphocyte population), and proliferative response (lower panel) and refer to at least three separate experiments performed in triplicate in each experimental condition. White panels indicate the use of T cells from healthy mucosa, the light grey panels indicate the use of T cells from non-inflamed mucosa, and the dark grey panels indicate the use of T cells from inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease. For comments, see the text. At the preliminary analysis of variance, both the presence and absence of mesenchymal stem cells and the mucosa affected the variability of our experimental parameters (P < 0.0001 in all cases). The reported P values derive from the non-parametric tests applied to the direct comparisons. ctr-TCL control T-cell line, MSC-T T-cell lines obtained in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells