Fig. 1

BMSCs migrate and polarise in response to MCP-1. a Serum-starved BMSC migration in response to a gradient of 0–20 ng/ml MCP-1 in a two-dimensional system; 24-h pre-treatment with SFM and migration following 3-h exposure to 20 ng/ml MCP-1. SFM was set to 1. Graph represents three independent experiments (>100 cells evaluated for each separate independent experiment). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. A P value of less than 0.05 (*) was deemed significant, and a P value of less than 0.001 (***) highly significant. b Serum-starved migrating BMSCs polarise in response to MCP-1 treatment. BMSCs immunofluorescently stained with F-actin (red) and α-tubulin (green), following 24-h SFM treatment and 10 % FCS and 20 ng/ml MCP-1 treatment for 3 h. DNA stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 10 μm. BMSC bone marrow-derived stromal cell, DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, FCS fetal calf serum, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, SFM serum-free medium