Avemar and Echinacea extracts enhance mobilization and homing of CD34+ stem cells in rats with acute myocardial infarction

Table 5 Effect of Avemar or Echinacea treatment on the serum granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor level (pg/ml) at different time intervals from AMI development (n = 6/group)

	Day 1	Day 7	Day 14
Normal		23.45 ± 1.97
AMI	18.68 ± 1.63	16.2 ± 1.37^a	13.58 ± 0.87^a
AMI post-treated with Avemar	18.68 ± 1.63	13.5 ± 1.2^a	13.02 ± 3.66^a
AMI pre- and post-treated with Avemar	10.8 ± 1.06^ab	7.4 ± 0.35^ab	8.48 ± 0.58^a
AMI post-treated with Echinacea	18.68 ± 1.63	7.13 ± 0.78^ab	7.77 ± 0.59^ab
AMI pre- and post-treated with Echinacea	18.89 ± 1.36	15.38 ± 1.07^a	21.66 ± 1.6^b

Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. ^aSignificantly different from the normal group at P < 0.05. ^bSignificantly different from the corresponding AMI value at P < 0.05. AMI acute myocardial infarction

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