Fig. 10

Proliferation and apoptosis of cells within subcutaneously transplanted CS. CS were stained by CMFDA and transplanted to mice subcutaneously. At day 14, CS adherent to the femoral quadriceps muscle was extracted and stained for Ki-67 and cleaved caspase 3. Upper row left and middle – CMFDA-positive (red arrows) and negative (yellow arrows) cells with Ki-67+ nuclei indicating proliferation. Magnification 400×. Lower row left and middle – representative images of cells positive for cleaved caspase 3 (white arrows). Magnification 630×. Right column graphs illustrate results of manual count of proliferating and apoptotic cells in mock-transduced and VEGF-expressing CS; Mann–Whitney U test. CS cell sheet, CMFDA 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor