Fig. 2

Vessel-like network development in vitro. a Schematic illustration of four stages of developing vessels: single cells, clusters, initial vessels and advanced vessels. The stages for development were manually scored using a percentage scale (0–100 %), where a higher percentage was given to more developed vessel-like networks. b Comparison of vessel development in scaffolds bearing different cell combinations, assessed at different time points in culture. Two-way ANOVA, p value = 0.0297, n ≥ 4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. HAMEC Human adipose microvascular endothelial cell, HNDF Human neonatal dermal fibroblast, HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, MSC Mesenchymal stem cell