Fig. 3

Immunophenotypic analysis of MSC by flow cytometry during monolayer expansion (prior to encapsulation in the hydrogel) and throughout scaffold culture. a Hematopoietic markers and major histocompatibility complex class II molecule. b Mesenchymal surface markers. For mesenchymal surface markers, the results are shown as percentages of positive cells. All results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n ≥ 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, day x vs day 0 (monolayer) for the same cell source. ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 and ^### p < 0.001, WJ-MSC vs BM-MSC for the same culture time. BM-MSC bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, WJ-MSC Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells