Fig. 4
VCAM-1+CV-MSCCM exerted angiogenic paracrine effects on endothelial cells. a Endothelial cell proliferation assay was used to study the pro-proliferative activity of VCAM-1+CV-MSCs and VCAM-1−CV-MSCs. By comparison with VCAM-1−CV-MSCCM, VCAM-1+CV-MSCCM significantly promoted endothelial cell proliferation during 48 hours, but this effect was not significant at 72 hours (n = 3, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001). Each sample was done in quadruplicate. b Wound healing assay was performed to study the pro-migratory effect of VCAM-1+/−CV-MSCs. Representative photographs were shown at 0 and 18 hours under × 40 magnification. c Result of area repopulation (%) indicating that VCAM-1+CV-MSCCM efficiently accelerated the endothelial cell wound healing process compared with VCAM-1−CV-MSCCM (n = 3, **p <0.01). Each sample was performed in triplicate. d VEGF concentration in VCAM-1+CV-MSCCM and VCAM-1−CV-MSCCM measured by ELISA (n = 4, ****p <0.0001). Each sample was tested in triplicate. CM conditioned medium, CV chorionic villi, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VEGF vascular endothelial cell growth factor