Fig. 1
a Cell proliferation in distinct O2 conditions. Accumulated population doubling (PD) in a representative pig mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (paMSC) cell isolate (n = 2) at low (3 % O2, pink line) and conventional oxygen tension (20 % O2, blue line). Cumulative PD was calculated with the formula PD = (log (Nn/Nn_1))/log 2 (n = passage; N = cell number). b Comparative karyotype in porcine and human MSC from adipose tissue. Karyotype of paMSC cultured at 20 % O2 (B1) compared with hMSC cultures at 20 % O2 (B2). Porcine karyotype (2n = 38) showing two sex chromosomes and 18 autosome pairs. c In vitro differentiation capacity of paMSC. Representative images showing in vitro paMSC differentiation under phase contrast and DIC (differential interference contrast) microscopy. Oil Red O (C1, C2), Alcian Blue (C3, C4), and Alizarin Red S (C5, C6) stainings of paMSC treated with control (C1, C3, C5) or adipogenic (C2), chondrogenic (C4), and osteogenic (C6) differentiation media. Scale bars = 100 μm and 20 μm (C2). d Semiquantitative RT-qPCR of marker genes in paMSC after adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Fold expression of adipogenic and osteogenic markers after quantitative experiments of adipogenic and osteogenic lineages (n = 4). ACTB was used as the endogenous gene. paMSC (–) correspond to cells grown with standard medium; paMSC (+) to cells grown in the specific differentiation medium. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.001