Fig. 6

NK cell-derived IFN-γ enhances the CCL2 production from MSCs. a, b MSCs were treated with blocking antibodies against the receptor for IFN-γ (IFN-γR) or with isotype control antibodies. NK cells were added directly to the MSCs or were separated by a trans-well. After 24 h, the concentration of IFN-γ (a) and CCL2 (b) in the supernatants was quantified. c MSCs were cultured with various concentrations of recombinant human IFN-γ for 12 h and the production of CCL2 was measured. Bar graphs showing mean ± SD of 3–5 replicates from one representative out of three experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. MSC mesenchymal stromal/stem cell, NK natural killer, CCL2 C-C ligand 2, IFN interferon