Fig. 7

Quantitative evaluation of osteogenesis. a Quantification of Alizarin Red staining by dissolving the dye and subsequent absorption measurement. b Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cells cultured in osteogenic medium. ALP activity (mU μmol p-nitrophenol released per min) was normalized for protein. c Calcium concentration determinations were possible only for DPSC samples and AF-MSC samples. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and are representative of two independent experiments, each performed in triplicate (DPSC = 2 donors, ADSC = 2 donors, AF-MSC = 2 donors). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. ADSC adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cell, AF-MSC amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cell, DPSC dental pulp mesenchymal stromal cell, MSC mesenchymal stromal cell, sh short hairpin