Fig. 4
From: Bile acid: a potential inducer of colon cancer stem cells
DCA/LCA induction of CSC phenotypic characters in HCoEpiC is mediated by M3R and knockdown of M3R decreased ALDHA1, c-Myc, and TCF/LCF activity in cells treated with DCA. Induction of M3R in HCoEpiC following incubation with 100 μM DCA or LCA after 72 h (a). Downregulation of M3R in cells following transfection with either of two siRNAs (si-M3RT2 and si-M3RT3) for M3R (b). ALDHA1 and c-Myc expression is reduced in M3R-downregulated cells (c). Suppression of DCA-induced stimulation of ALDH1, CD166, and c-Myc expression in M3R-downregulated cells (d–f). Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of three separate determinations. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, compared with the control. DCA (deoxycholic acid), LCA (lithocholic acid)