Fig. 2

Differentiation capacity of ADSCs from SSc patients. ADSCs from SSc patients have comparable differentiation capacity to healthy control ADSCs. a Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from SSc patients (ADSC-SSc; left image) and ADSCs from healthy controls (ADSC-N; right image) was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Positive Oil Red O staining and fat globules were observed in both ADSC-SSc and ADSC-N at 3 weeks. Quantitative analysis of Oil Red O staining at optical density of 495 nm (graph on right) determined that there was no difference in the adipogenic differentiation capacity of ADSC-SSc compared to ADSC-N (10× magnification). b Chondrogenic differentiation of ADSC-SSc (left image) and ADSC-N (right image) was assessed by Alcian Blue dye. Positive Alcian Blue staining for proteoglycans was observed in both ADSC-SSc and ADSC-N at 3 weeks. Quantitative analysis of Alcian blue staining at optical density of 595 nm (graph on right) determined that there was no difference in the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of ADSC-SSc compared to ADSC-N (10× magnification). c Osteogenic differentiation of ADSC-SSc (left image) and ADSC-N (right image) was assessed by Alizarin Red dye. Positive Alizarin red staining for calcium was observed in both ADSC-SSc and ADSC-N at 3 weeks. Quantitative analysis of Alizarin staining at optical density of 405 nm (graph on right) determined that there was no difference in the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ADSC-SSc compared to ADSC-N (n = 3) (10× magnification)