Fig. 1

CG increased SOX9 expression in ASCs. Expression of SOX9 mRNA in ASCs stimulated with (a) different degrees of CG for 15 min and (b) 2400 g for different durations. c Expression of SOX9 mRNA and protein in ASCs stimulated with or without 2400 g for 30 min. d Comparison of SOX9 mRNA expression in ASCs stimulated with CG or TGF-β1. For CG stimulation, ASCs were centrifuged in a 15 mL tube. ASCs were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1. Expression of SOX9 mRNA and protein was measured by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, and ^*** p < 0.001 for ASCs stimulated with CG versus the control (non-stimulated ASCs) or ASCs treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1. CG centrifugal gravity, CON control, SOX SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box, TGF transforming growth factor