Fig. 1

Characterization of MSCs. a Morphological characterization of MSCs at passage 3. b Flow cytometry analysis suggested the major phenotype characteristics of MSCs (CD34⁻, Cd45⁻, CD44⁺, and CD90⁺). c To evaluate osteogenic ability of MSCs, cells were stained with 2% Alizarin Red S. The Alizarin Red S-positive mineral deposits were observed in MSCs. d Cells were stained with 0.3% Oil Red O to assess their adipogenic ability. Analysis with a microscope confirmed the accumulation of lipids in MSCs. Magnification × 200