Fig. 6

Human C-MSC but not C-MSCγ xenograft causes inflammatory cell infiltration in C57BL/6 mouse calvarial bone defect. Cultured human C-MSC or C-MSCγ (50) were transplanted into a C57BL/6 mouse calvarial defect 1.6 mm in diameter. All mice were sacrificed 7 days after cell transplantation and the calvarial bones were fixed. Coronal serial sections were obtained and H&E staining (a) and immunofluorescence staining of mouse CD3 (b) were performed. The upper panels show lower magnification ((a and b) × 100: bar = 200 μm) and the lower panels indicates higher magnification ((a) × 400: bar = 50 μm or (b) × 630: bar = 30 μm). c Four arbitrary views in the bone defect region from each group were used for counting of CD3-positive cells. Results are expressed as means ± S.D. of the four views tested for each group. ^* p < 0.05: values differ significantly (U test). CD cluster of differentiation, huC-MSC xenotransplantation of human clumps of a mesenchymal stem cell/extracellular matrix complex (C-MSC) cultured in growth medium for 3 days, huC-MSCγ (50) xenotransplantation of human C-MSC treated with 50 ng/mL IFN-γ for 24 h before the end of the culture period