Table 1 miRNAs involved in the regulation of stem cell fate

miRNA-29a

Regulates chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage formation

FOXO3A

[8]

microRNA-145

Represses pluripotency in human ESCs

Oct4, Sox2, Klf4

[15]

miR-296, mir-470 and miR-134

Regulate mouse ESC differentiation

Nanog, Oct4, Sox2

[16]

miR-290 family or miR-302 family

Enhances reprogramming efficiency

Oct4, Sox2, Klf4

[25]

Human miR-372

Improves reprogramming efficiency

[26]

miR-17-92 cluster, miR-106b-25 cluster, miR-106a-363 cluster

Improve reprogramming efficiency

TGF-βR2, p21

[27]

miR-302 cluster

Induces the pluripotent state in human skin cancer cells

[28]

Mature double-stranded miR-200c plus miR-302 and miR-369 family

Reprogram mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent states

[29]

miR-200 family, miR-106a-363 and miR-302-367 cluster, miR-93/106b

Promote the MET process of the iPSC initiation phase

[27, 30, 31]

Down-regulated miR-30/let-7 family

Activate the pluripotent state

[30]

Up-regulated miR-17, miR-19, miR-290 and miR-8 family

Maintain the pluripotent state

[30]

miR-25 family and the miR-130/301/721 family

Promote reprogramming efficiency

p21

[27, 32]

miR-34a

Regulates reprogramming efficiency with p21

p53

[33]

miR-290 family

Regulates pluripotency and differentiation

Epigenetic regulation of de novo DNA methylation

[34]

miR-1

Promotes the cardiovascular differentiation of ESCs and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis

PTEN/Akt pathway

[37]

miR-1

Promotes SMCs differentiation of retinoid acid-induced ESCs

Klf4

[38]

miR-10a

Promotes differentiation of mouse ESCs into SMCs

HDAC4

[39]

miR-6086 and miR-6087

Block differentiation of human ESCs into ECs

CDH5, endoglin

[40]

miR-199b

Promotes EC differentiation

[41]

Depletion of miR-495

Promotes EC differentiation and angiogenesis of human iPSCs

VEZF1

[42]

miR-9

Promotes NSC differentiation

Balancing the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs with TLX

[45]

miR-184

MBD1-miR-184-Numbl form a loop to regulate adult NSC differentiation

Numbl

[46]

Suppression of miR-371-3

Promotes neural differentiation

[47]

Downregulation of miR-132

Promotes the differentiation of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons

Nurr1

[48]

miR-125

Promoted human ESC differentiation towards the neural lineage

Smad4

[49]

miR-302

Forms a regulation loop with OCT4 during neural differentiation

Interacting with NR2F2

[50]

miR-138

Suppresses osteoblast differentiation of human MSCs

Targeting FAK and downstream signaling

[51]

miR-23b

Induces chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs

By suppressing PKA signaling

[52]

miR-335-5p

Promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of mouse MSCs

Daam1 and ROCK1

[53]

miR-181

Promotes B-lymphocytes differentiation

[55]

miR-125a

Increases the number of HSCs

Bax1

[56]

miR-125b

Leads to a lethal myeloid leukemia in mice

[57]