Fig. 2

SSc AD-MSCs display great multilineage differentiation ability but an incomplete mesenchymal maturation phenotype. a Representative phase-contrast microscopic analysis of AD-MSCs from healthy subjects and SSc patients. b Percentage of adipocyte and osteocyte differentiation of AD-MSCs derived from healthy donors and SSc patients (ADSC-derived mature cells used as control). Right panels show morphological analysis of the AD-MSC adipocyte (AdipoRed staining, 20× magnification) and osteocyte (von Kossa staining, 10× magnification) differentiated progeny from healthy subjects (green) and SSc patients (red). c Percentage of chondrocyte differentiation of AD-MSCs derived from healthy donors and SSc patients as in b. Right panel shows morphological analysis of the AD-MSC chondrocyte (alcian blue staining, 10× magnification) differentiated progeny from healthy subjects (green) and SSc patients (red). Arrow indicates the chondrocyte agglomerates. d Scatter plot of significantly differentially expressed mesenchymal-related genes in AD-MSCs from healthy donors and SSc patients. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001, ns non significant. AD-MSC adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, ADSC STEMPRO® Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, SSc systemic sclerosis