Fig. 1

Scanning electron microscopy images of Ti control (a), laser-processed titanium (LPT) produced using laser radiation at 132 J/cm² fluence (b), LPT produced using laser radiation at 210 J/cm² fluence (c), and LPT produced using laser radiation at 235 J/cm² fluence (d). Surfaces at × 100, ×500, ×1000, ×50,000, and × 200,000 magnification