Fig. 4

Immunomodulation ability of preconditioned MSCs mediated by PGE2 secretion. MSC/macrophage cocultured experiments were performed as described in Fig. 1a. Media were supplied with or without 25 μM Celecoxib to modulate COX2 signaling. M2 (Arg1 and CD206) and M1 (TNF-α/IL-1Ra) macrophage marker expression in macrophages was measured by quantitative PCR. Data presented as fold-change compared to macrophages cocultured with unstimulated control MSCs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. Arg1 Arginase 1, IL1Ra interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, TNF tumor necrosis factor