Fig. 10

MSCs attenuated LPS-induced IL-1, COX-2, and IL-6 production, and promoted IL-10 production in macrophages. Macrophages were cultured with or without mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 12, 24, and 48 h, and were subjected to real-time PCR analysis. LPS significantly increased the (a) interleukin (IL)-1 (12, 24, and 48 h), (b) IL-6 (48 h), and (d) cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (12, 24, and 48 h) when compared with the control group. In the group co-cultivated with MSCs, the mRNA levels of IL-1, IL-6, and COX-2 decreased significantly when compared with the respective LPS group, while (c) the IL-10 mRNA levels increased significantly at 24 h compared with the LPS group. Data represent the mean ± SEM, n = 5. ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001, versus corresponding untreated controls; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, versus corresponding RAW counterparts