Fig. 6

MSC-EVs inhibit influenza virus replication after virus entry in lung epithelial cells. a Pig lung epithelial cells were infected with swine/MN/08; H1N1 (SwIV; MOI = 1) for 1 h; after the adsorption, cells were washed and cultured in media only or media containing 10 μg/ml MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) or RNase-treated MSC-EVs. Influenza virus NP was detected 8 h after infection. b Each bar represents mean ± SD of virus-infected cells in five microscopic fields (20×). Experiments were repeated three times using EVs derived from BM-MSCs from three different pigs. *P < 0.05. DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium