Fig. 4

Primary cellular interactions between ECs, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in production of vascularized bone. VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor, IL interleukin, CSF colony-stimulating factor, BMP bone morphogenetic protein, IGF insulin-like growth factor, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, SDF stromal cell-derived factor-1, RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, OSCAR osteoclast-associated receptor