Fig. 8

Differentiation capacity of P4-MSCs versus P8-MSCs derived from the DMEM-based expansion condition. MSCs at P4 or P8 were cultivated with either osteogenic differentiation media for up to 14 days (a, c) or adipogenic differentiation media for 21 days (b, d). a Gene expression of osteogenic samples was assessed on day 9. b Gene expression of adipogenic samples was assessed on day 21. In qPCR, GAPDH was used as the reference gene, and the corresponding P8 samples were used as the control groups. n = 4; ***p < 0.001, versus the corresponding P8 groups. c Osteogenic cultures were stained histologically with Alizarin Red S and calcium is shown in a red color. d Adipogenic cultures were stained histologically with Oil Red O and lipids are shown in a red color. Scale bars = 100 μm. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Col I, type I collagen; LPL lipoprotein lipase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; P, passage; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2