Fig. 5

Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of RBE. a LC-PDA/UV chromatogram (detected at 325 nm) of Ribes nigrum bud extract (RBE) preparation. For peak data, see Table 2. b GMSCs or human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC)-1 cells were treated with RBE (50 μg/mL) for 24 h. At the end of the incubation, NF-kB and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels were detected by real time RT-PCR. The data are expressed as the fold of change versus the control (CTRL), which were set to 1, and are presented as the mean values ± SEM of three independent experiments. The significance of the differences was determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test: **P ≤ 0.01, vs. control