Fig. 7

Metformin effects on mitochondrial respiration ability and glycolysis function of PCOS patient-derived iPSCs. a Mitochondrial respiration function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patient-derived iPSCs after treatment with metformin (Met). b Glycolysis function in PCOS patient-derived iPSCs after treatment with metformin. c, d Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ability and glycolysis function in PCOS patient-derived iPSCs treated with metformin. n = 3; error bars represent SD; *P < 0.05, *P < 0.01, versus non-PCOS (non-P). e Conclusion of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolism abnormality in PCOS. Red: upregulated gene in PCOS patient-derived iPSCs; green: downregulated gene in PCOS patient-derived iPSCs. ECAR extracellular acidification rate, ETC electron transport chain, OCR oxygen consumption rate, R/AA rotenone and antimycin, TCA tricarboxylic acid