Fig. 4

The protective effect of adipose tissue extracellular fraction (AT-Ex) on cell viability following H₂O₂, UVA, and UVB irradiation. a AT-Ex and plasma supplementation were added at the concentration of 2% (v/v) immediately after exposure to stressor. Cell viability was determined 24 h post-treatment with UV or H₂O₂. The data represent the mean ± SD of 12 experiments performed in duplicate; statistical significance versus untreated control (Ctrl) is reported as *p < 0.05. b Death and apoptosis were evaluated by FACS analysis using annexin V/iodide propidium (PI) staining. Dot plots show one representative experiment performed 24 h after H₂O₂ or UVA exposure. The number of surviving cells (Annexin V^–/PI^–) was augmented in the presence of AT-Ex and plasma. OD optical density, NHF normal human fibroblasts, NHK normal human keratinocytes, NHM normal human melanocytes