Fig. 1
Castration increases PCa recruitment of MSCs and oxidative stress in vivo. a MSCs transfected with adenoviral vector GFP-mock (Invitrogen). After transfection for about 48 h, MSCs-GFP detected by fluorescence microscope (original magnification: ×200). b LNCaP xenografted tumors measured by calipers, then volume calculated using the formula: volume = width2 × length × 0.5236. c Two weeks after MSCs-GFP injection, tumor tissues removed from mice with castration or not (tumors from untreated mice as control) were embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cryostat sections (6 mm thick) prepared using Leica CM1950 cryostat. GFP fluorescence signal analyzed with fluorescence microscope (original magnification: ×200). d Western blot analysis of GFP expression in tumor tissues. e, f ROS and 4-HNE adduct levels estimated in tumor homogenates to reflect oxidative stress level. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. GFP green fluorescent protein, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, ROS reactive oxygen species