Fig. 6

Role of IL-6 for macrophage polarization toward M2b phenotype. a Preconditioned MSCs (acMSCs) were co-cultured with wild type macrophages or macrophages isolated from IL-6Rα-deficient (IL6R-KO) mice in the presence of IL-4 (20 ng/ml). After 18 h, the expression of pSTAT3 (Tyr705) was verified by Western blot. STAT3 served as loading control. One representative Western blot of three independent experiments is depicted. b Wild type macrophages were treated with 20 ng/ml IL-4 and 25 ng/ml IL-6 for 24 h. Then, the expression of macrophage-specific markers and TNF-α was analyzed by real-time PCR. n = 6, *p < 0.05. FIZZ1/RELMα, found in inflammatory zone 1/resistin-like molecule alpha, IL interleukin, IL-6Rα interleukin 6 receptor alpha, KO knockout, LIGHT lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, M macrophage, MertK tyrosine-protein kinase MER, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, acMSCs activated, preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells, SPHK1 sphingosine kinase 1, STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, pSTAT3 phosphorylated STAT3, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, WT wild type, Ym-1 chitinase-like protein