Fig. 5

The effects of exosomes on CPCs migration. a, b Migration of CPCs exposed to different conditioned medium. Images of NC (negative control, DMEM medium with 1% FBS), PC (positive control, DMEM medium with 10% FBS), and CC-Exos and BMSC-Exos group (DMEM medium with 1% FBS and 30 μg/mL exosomes) show result of cell migration at 12 h and quantitative analysis of migrated cells. Exosomes are red, phalloidin is green, and nuclei are blue. Scale bar = 200 μm. c The apoptosis level of CPCs incubated with BMSC-Exos and CC-Exos for 12 h. Apoptotic cells were stained by PI/Annexin-V followed by flow cytometry. d, e Light microscopy images of the scratch wound assays and quantitative analysis of migration rates at 12 h and 24 h. Scale bar = 200 μm. *P < 0.05, compared to negative control (NC), ^▲P < 0.05, compared to positive control (PC), ^#P < 0.05, CC-Exos group compared to BMSC-Exos groups