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Fig. 5 | Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Efficient generation of male germ-like cells derived during co-culturing of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with Sertoli cells under retinoic acid and testosterone induction

Fig. 5

Examination of TM4 cells after treating with or without retinoic acid and testosterone on day 3. TM4 cells without retinoic acid and testosterone treatment were used as a control (white bar). a Morphologically, TM4 cells treated with RA and T showed fewer dead cells than the untreated group, (scale bar 100 μm). b, c The mRNA and protein expression of FGF2, NRG1, IGFI, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 in RA- and T-treated TM4 cell is also upregulated than the untreated group. b Relative mRNA expression of cytokines genes by qRT-PCR. c Relative level of protein expression by western blot, quantitative analysis result by image-pro plus software. Y-axis indicates the relative mRNA value normalized to control group TM4 mRNA level. Bar graphs represent mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). Different letters on the bar graph indicate significant differences between the groups at the 0.05 level (n = 3)

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Stem Cell Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1757-6512