Fig. 4
ESC-Exos can ameliorate endothelial senescence induced by D-gal in vitro. HUVECs were treated with 10 g/L D-gal to induce senescence, and aged HUVECs were then treated with 1 × 1010 particles/mL ESC-Exos or PBS, while young HUVECs (without D-gal treatment) were set as the control. a SA-β-gal staining. SA-β-gal-positive cells are shown in blue when observed under an optical microscope. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm. b Statistical results from (a). n = 3 per group. ***P < 0.001 Aged versus Young group; ###P < 0.001 Aged-Exos versus Aged group. c Western blotting analysis of P16 and P21 expression. n = 3 per group. d IF staining was performed to assess the expression level of P16 (red). P16-positive cells were significantly reduced in number after ESC-Exos treatment. n = 3 per group. Scale bar, 50 μm