Fig. 3
From: Harnessing the secretome of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases
Strategies for stimulating ASC paracrine secretion are summarized. Genetic modification and protein molecular, pharmacological, physiological, and physical preconditioning have been employed to stimulate the release of the customized ASC secretome. Furthermore, bioengineering strategies, such as 3D cell culture combined with SAPs, ASC-seeded scaffolds, microspheres capsula, thermosensitive chitosan/gelatin hydrogel, and cell sheet, can efficiently control and maintain the release of ASC secretome through several smart biomaterials