Fig. 2
From: Lactobacillus reuteri extracts promoted wound healing via PI3K/AKT/β-catenin/TGFβ1 pathway
Lactobacillus reuteri extracts promoted the functions of GMSCs. a, b The cell scratch migration analysis results screened the optimal concentration of Lactobacillus reuteri extracts was 50 μg/ml, which promoted the function of GMSCs migration. Scale bar: 100 μm. c–e Real-time PCR results showed that 50 μg/ml Lactobacillus reuteri extracts upregulated expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG). f ALP activity assay indicated 50 μg/ml Lactobacillus reuteri extracts increased ALP activity. g Alizarin red staining assay results showed that 50 μg/ml Lactobacillus reuteri extracts promoted GMSCs mineralization. h–j The expression of the crucial transcription factors for modulating osteogenic differentiation: RUX2, OSX, and OCN were increased after 50 μg/ml Lactobacillus reuteri extracts treatment. k 50 μg/ml Lactobacillus reuteri extracts promoted GMSCs proliferation by Cell counting kit-8 assay. Statistical significance was tested by Student’s t test. Error bars represent SD (n = 3). *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01