Fig. 3

iRoot BP Plus activates the MAPK pathways in BMMSCs. BMMSCs of each group were cultured for an hour simultaneously, and culture medium was replaced with BP-CM at different time points (15 min, 30 min, and 60 min). a MAPK pathway-related proteins were investigated by western blot. Quantification was done by ImageJ. *P < 0 05, **P < 0 01, and ***P < 0 001. b BMMSCs were pretreated with the MAPK pathway inhibitors (SP: SP600125, SB: SB203580, and U: U0126) for 2 h and then treated with BP-CM for 15 min. Western blot was performed to investigate the MAPK pathway-related proteins. Quantitative analysis was conducted by ImageJ. **P < 0 01 and ***P < 0 001. c–e Immunofluorescence staining indicated that p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 were decreased after inhibition of the MAPK pathways. Scale bar = 50 μm. Quantification was done by ImageJ, ***P < 0.001