Fig. 4

Role of YB-1 in the tumorigenesis of cancer stem cells in vivo. a Effects of YB-1 knockout on tumor growth in mice. YB-1 knockout melanoma stem cells and wide-type melanoma stem cells were injected into nude mice. The tumor volume in mice was measured every five days. Forty-five days later, the mice were sacrificed. The mean of four mice was indicated. The statistical significance of difference between treatments were assessed using Student’s t test (**, p < 0.01). b Influence of YB-1 knockout on solid tumors in mice. A solid tumor was collected from each mouse. c Impact of YB-1 knockout on tumor weight. The data were the means of four mice. Student’s t test was used to assess the statistical significance of difference (**, p < 0.01). d The YB-1 protein level in solid tumors of mice injected with YB-1 knockout melanoma stem cells or wide-type melanoma stem cells. β-tubulin was used as a control. The experiments were performed in triplicate. e Expressions of FZD1, p21, GLP-1, GINS1, and Notch2 genes in solid tumors. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression levels of genes. The experiments were biologically repeated for three times. Student’s t test was used to assess the statistical significance of difference between treatments (**, p < 0.01)