Fig. 2
From: Macrophage polarization in periodontal ligament stem cells enhanced periodontal regeneration
PDLSCs promoted periodontal regeneration in vivo on day 21. a Schematic diagram of periodontal defect model. b Reconstruction images of micro-CT showed enhanced regeneration of alveolar bone with transplanted PDLSCs. c Scanning electron microscope showed PDLSCs adhered to the collagen membrane after culture overnight. Scale bar: 100 μm (Left), 30 μm (Right). d–g Parameters to evaluate new bone: bone volume/tissue volume (d), average thickness of bone trabecula (e), average number of bone trabecula (f), and bone density (g). h HE and Masson staining of histological sections. Scale bar 50 μm (HE), 20 μm (Masson). NB, new bone; PDL, periodontal ligament; R, tooth root. *p < 0.05