Fig. 9

Twelve weeks after surgery, the biomechanical properties of the cranium were performed by push-out testing. Immediately after harvest, constructs were placed on a custom testing jig and a vertical force was applied. The ultimate force (a) and ultimate stress (b) required to displace the implants from the surrounding tissues were recorded. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 4, *p < 0.05)