Fig. 1

Comparative characterization of commercial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in MSCGM or NRLM and the function of the conditioned medium (CM). a MSC characteristics, including morphology (phase-contrast micrograph, upper panel), cell surface expression of CD markers (by flow cytometry, middle panel), and adipocyte differentiation (oil-positive signal after oil staining, lower panel), are shown. b The effect of MSCGM-CM and NRLM-CM on the extension of regenerated neurites (GAP-43-positive neurite). c Quantitative results from b. d The effect of MSCGM-CM and NRLM-CM on LPS stimulation in BV2 microglia. Nitrite release in the medium was measured after microglia were treated with LPS in the presence of CM (0–2% v/v). Data represent the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test