Fig. 3

Effects of Mg²⁺-enriched microenvironment on DPSC differentiation. a After 7 days, RUNX2, DMP-1, and DSP protein amounts were markedly elevated in DPSCs treated with 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM Mg²⁺, compared with the 0 mM Mg²⁺ group. b Consistently, mineralization nodules were also markedly increased after 14 days. However, there was no difference between the 5 and 10 mM Mg²⁺ groups