Fig. 5

TGF-β1 enhances terminal erythroid differentiation through the regulation of mitophagy pathway. a TGF-β1 inhibitor (SB-431542) does not affect the viability of cells on days 14, 18 and 21 as determined by Calcein Am staining. Results are presented as mean ± SEM from data obtained in independent experiments done using three different donor samples. NS = non-significant. SB-431542 treatment in TGF-β1 set increases b mitochondrial mass, c mitochondrial membrane potential to control level, and d mitochondrial ROS level on day 12 after SB-431542 treatment. Data show mean ± SEM from independent experiments done with cells from five different donors. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; NS = non-significant. e Percent of mature RBCs returned to the percentage of control set after SB-431542 treatment on days 14, 18, and 21. Results are represented as mean ± SEM from independent experiments performed using five different donor samples. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; NS = non-significant