Fig. 6From: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect beta cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via miR-21 by alleviating ER stress and inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylationDiagram of the proposed model of MSC exosomes protecting beta cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Hypoxia induces beta cell apoptosis by activating ER stress and p38 MAPK signalling and then upregulates the apoptosis-related proteins caspase 3 and parp, reducing survivin protein expression. MSCs could protect beta cells against apoptosis through exosomes carrying miR-21, which could alleviate hypoxia-mediated ER stress and inhibit hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylationBack to article page